Which of the following factors can affect the effective coverage of aerial applications?

Wind and temperature are critical factors that significantly influence the effectiveness of aerial applications. Wind can affect the drift of pesticide droplets away from the target area, potentially leading to reduced efficacy and unintended exposure to non-target areas. High winds may disperse the spray too widely, while calm conditions can cause the application to settle closer to the target.

Temperature plays an important role in the evaporation and behavior of pesticide droplets. Higher temperatures can increase evaporation rates, diminishing the amount of pesticide that reaches the intended target. Additionally, temperature can impact the viscosity and performance characteristics of the liquid formulation, influencing how well it adheres to surfaces.

In contrast, while the time of day can impact effective coverage due to factors like crop transpiration rates or insect activity, it is not as directly influential as wind and temperature. The type of pesticide is indeed important, but it does not account for environmental conditions that affect coverage in the same way. Altitude of application can have some effect, but it is less significant compared to the immediacy of wind and temperature conditions.